Table 1 Characteristics of the study population.

From: Demographic, genetic, neuroimaging, and behavioral correlates of short social responsiveness scale in a large pediatric cohort

 

Q1

Q2

Q3

Top 5%

P for trend

ASD

P-value vs. Q1

(N = 4502)

(N = 2409)

(N = 2460)

(N = 417)

 

(N = 182)

 

Age (years), mean (SD)

9.5 (0.6)

9.5 (0.5)

9.5 (0.5)

9.5 (0.5)

0.86

9.6 (0.5)

0.005

Sex (%)

    

<0.001

 

<0.001

 Female

2351 (52.2)

1190 (49.4)

1036 (42.1)

143 (34.3)

 

24 (13.2)

 

 Male

2151 (47.8)

1219 (50.6)

1424 (57.9)

274 (65.7)

 

158 (86.8)

 

Race/ethnicity (%)a

      

0.024

 White

2566 (57.0)

1343 (55.7)

1290 (52.4)

222 (53.2)

Reference

97 (53.3)

 

 Black

573 (12.7)

310 (12.9)

335 (13.6)

51 (12.2)

0.16

24 (13.2)

 

 Hispanic

847 (18.8)

454 (18.8)

520 (21.1)

83 (19.9)

0.011

28 (15.4)

 

 Asian

101 (2.2)

40 (1.7)

30 (1.2)

7 (1.7)

0.054

4 (2.2)

 

 Other

397 (8.8)

251 (10.4)

273 (11.1)

52 (12.5)

<0.001

29 (15.9)

 

Pubertal statusa,b (mean (SD))

2.04 (0.82)

2.04 (0.83)

2.12 (0.85)

2.15 (0.837)

<0.001

2.03 (0.79)

0.89

BMIa (kg/m2, mean (SD))

18.5 (3.93)

18.9 (4.30)

18.9 (4.39)

18.9 (4.07)

<0.001

19.6 (4.93)

0.004

Family income (%)a

      

<0.001

 <$35,000

621 (13.8)

392 (16.3)

573 (23.3)

97 (23.3)

Reference

47 (25.8)

 

 $35,000 ~ $75,000

876 (19.5)

518 (21.5)

510 (20.7)

103 (24.7)

<0.001

29 (15.9)

 

 $75,000 ~ $100,000

637 (14.1)

334 (13.9)

336 (13.7)

57 (13.7)

<0.001

24 (13.2)

 

 ≧$100,000

2051 (45.6)

982 (40.8)

820 (33.3)

116 (27.8)

<0.001

71 (39.0)

 
  1. The non-ASD children were categorized into four groups according to the 33, 66, and 95 percentiles of their SSRS score (herein referred to as Q1, Q2, Q3, and the top 5%), where higher score indicated more prominent autistic-like traits. Children with ASD were classified as a distinct group. Group differences based on SSRS total score presence were compared by t-test or chi-squared test, with the Q1 group serving as the reference.
  2. ASD autism spectrum disorder, BMI body mass index, SSRS short social responsiveness scale, ABCD adolescent brain cognitive development, N number, SD standard deviation.
  3. aMissing values in the baseline characteristics were imputed while analyzing and the number of the missing values were listed below: race/ethnicity = 43, pubertal status = 1918, BMI = 20, family income = 776.
  4. bPubertal status ranged from one to five.
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