Table 2 Cognitive subscale scores of mild Alzheimer’s patients at baseline (T0), after-treatment (T1), and 10-week follow-up (T2).

From: Randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial of theta-band transcranial alternating current stimulation during cognitive training in mild Alzheimer’s disease

   

Active group

Sham group

MMSE

Orientation

T0

6.22 (1.77)

5.44 (2.48)

  

T1

6.50 (1.51)

4.57 (2.06)

  

T2

7.00 (1.79)

5.60 (2.30)

 

Registration of three words

T0

2.50 (1.04)

2.50 (0.86)

  

T1

2.81 (0.54)

2.71 (0.61)

  

T2

2.83 (0.41)

3.00 (0.00)

 

Attention and Calculation

T0

3.56 (1.54)

2.05 (1.30)

  

T1

3.63 (1.86)

2.43 (1.40)

  

T2

4.50 (0.84)

2.80 (2.17)

 

Recall of three words

T0

0.94 (1.06)

0.55 (0.92)

  

T1

1.44 (1.36) *

0.43 (0.76)

  

T2

0.83 (1.17)

0.20 (0.45)

 

Language

T0

6.28 (1.56)

5.94 (1.86)

  

T1

6.44 (1.31)

6.36 (1.50)

  

T2

6.17 (1.83)

5.20 (2.28)

 

Visual Construction

T0

0.33 (0.49)

0.39 (0.50)

  

T1

0.31 (0.48)

0.56 (0.50)

  

T2

0.33 (0.52)

0.20 (0.45)

PVLT

Short delay free recall

T0

0.65 (1.17)

0.82 (1.33)

  

T1

2.20 (2.18) **

1.14 (2.07)

  

T2

0.00 (0.00)

1.20 (1.79)

 

Short delay cued recall

T0

2.00 (1.54)

1.59 (1.37)

  

T1

2.27 (2.19)

1.71 (1.44)

  

T2

1.33 (1.21)

3.00 (2.00)

 

Long delay free recall

T0

0.65 (1.37)

0.47 (0.80)

  

T1

0.53 (1.36)

1.00 (1.75)

  

T2

0.33 (1.21)

0.60 (1.34)

 

Long delay cued recall

T0

0.94 (1.43)

0.76 (1.03)

  

T1

1.53 (1.85)

1.14 (1.41)

  

T2

2.67 (1.37)

1.00 (1.00)

 

Distractor trial

T0

2.17 (1.29)

1.59 (1.06)

  

T1

2.07 (1.10)

1.57 (1.28)

  

T2

2.67 (1.37) *

2.60 (1.34)

 

Intrusions

T0

9.07 (9.28)

5.82 (5.89)

  

T1

9.33 (8.23)

8.29 (6.88)

  

T2

7.33 (7.39)

11.00 (8.92)

  1. Available cases number (N):
  2. MMSE mini-mental state examination, sMCI screening scale for mild cognitive impairment, PVLT 12-word philadelphia verbal learning test.
  3. † NActive (T0/T1/T2) = 18/16/6; NSham (T0/T1/T2) = 18/14/5;
  4. ‡ NActive (T0/T1/T2) = 18/15/6; NSham (T0/T1/T2) = 18/14/5.
  5. All values with significant differences are marked in bold and black (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). All statistics were compared relative to T0 and analyzed using paired t-tests.