Table 1 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants.

From: Stage-Dependent mediation of white matter hyperintensities between plasma biomarkers and cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease

 

HC

SCD

MCI

AD

F/χ2

P

Number

41

92

140

38

/

/

Age(years)

66.20 ± 6.35

67.71 ± 6.35

68.99 ± 6.54

70.50 ± 10.01

2.936

0.034

Education(years)

13.44 ± 4.04

13.42 ± 3.67

10.18 ± 4.30bd

9.64 ± 4.75ce

16.837

<0.001

Sex (F/M)

22/19

63/29

82/58

19/19

5.132

0.162

APOE4, n (%)

7 (17.9)

19 (21.3)

35(26.7)

10(31.3)

2.53

0.471

Hypertension, n (%)

10(24.4%)

37(40.7)

49(36.0)

12(32.4)

3.440

0.329

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

5(12.2)

48(52.7)

48(35.3)

13(35.1)

20.624

<0.001

Diabetes, n (%)

4(9.8)

10(11.0)

20(14.7)

9(24.3)

4.601

0.203

Aβ42

5.31 ± 1.64

5.49 ± 1.47

5.03 ± 1.45

4.44 ± 1.52e

4.684

0.003

Aβ40

84.54 ± 16.50

88.52 ± 15.17

87.57 ± 20.24

89.81 ± 20.26

0.574

0.633

Aβ42/Aβ40

0.06 ± 0.02

0.06 ± 0.01

0.06 ± 0.01

0.05 ± 0.01cef

9.073

<0.001

GFAP

87.09 ± 37.44

98.15 ± 53.35

122.33 ± 86.18

176.77 ± 98.06cef

11.702

<0.001

NFL

9.15 ± 13.54

16.37 ± 7.13

21.27 ± 20.94b

36.35 ± 27.08cef

15.285

<0.001

MMSE

27.73 ± 2.27

27.64 ± 2.64

23.71 ± 5.21bd

15.63 ± 7.50cef

65.827

<0.001

MoCA

25.19 ± 2.97

24.71 ± 2.92

19.19 ± 5.40bd

10.53 ± 7.21cef

92.318

<0.001

Executive

−0.43 ± 0.29

−0.48 ± 0.19

0.15 ± 0.85bd

1.46 ± 1.95cef

41.735

<0.001

Memory

0.73 ± 0.55

0.56 ± 0.57

−0.28 ± 0.75bd

−1.15 ± 0.85cef

72.545

<0.001

Language

0.70 ± 0.63

0.59 ± 0.54

−0.27 ± 0.74bd

−1.12 ± 0.85cef

74.194

<0.001

  1. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Bold P values indicate significant intergroup differences (ANOVA, P < 0.05); post-hoc two-sample t-tests were subsequently performed with Bonferroni correction (P < 0.05).
  2. HC, healthy controls; SCD, subjective cognitive decline; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; NFL, neurofilament light chain.
  3. bindicates intergroup differences between HC and MCI groups.
  4. cindicates intergroup differences between HC and AD groups.
  5. dindicates intergroup differences between SCD and MCI groups.
  6. eindicates intergroup differences between SCD and AD groups.
  7. findicates intergroup differences between MCI and AD groups.
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