Fig. 2: Activation of microglia by NLRP3 inflammasome or NF-κB pathway induced by HIV-1 Tat. | Translational Psychiatry

Fig. 2: Activation of microglia by NLRP3 inflammasome or NF-κB pathway induced by HIV-1 Tat.

From: Neuroinflammation and NeuroHIV: understanding the role of HIV-1 related factors in microglial activation

Fig. 2: Activation of microglia by NLRP3 inflammasome or NF-κB pathway induced by HIV-1 Tat.

a HIV-1 Tat mediated the PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation by inhibiting miR-223. b HIV-1 Tat mediated the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway through the upregulation of miR-34a, which subsequently downregulates the family member NLR caspase recruitment domain (CARD) containing 5 (NLRC5). This cascade ultimately leads to an increased expression of NF-κB p65, thereby activating NF-κB signaling.

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