Fig. 1: Overview of research design. | Translational Psychiatry

Fig. 1: Overview of research design.

From: rTMS for rapid relief of sleep disorders induced by influenza virus infection: a clinical retrospective study

Fig. 1: Overview of research design.

Influenza infection leads to multi-system dysfunction, including respiratory, hematological, and nervous system alterations. In this study, we integrated clinical data—including blood biomarkers, brain structural information from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), polysomnography, Sleep Disorder-Visual Analog Scale (SD-VAS), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)—to retrospectively evaluate the effect of rTMS on post-influenza sleep disorders. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (MRA) was applied to GWAS-derived datasets to infer causal relationships between influenza exposure, brain structural changes (localized using MRI-based anatomical atlases), immune markers, and insomnia symptoms.

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