Table 5 On-site sampling studies of polymer NMP air pollution.

Akhtar et al. [41]

Pakistan, Lahore

To investigate the indoor source and abundance of microplastics in private dental units during routine professional activities.

Air sampling in an oral healthcare operatory

Tang et al. [40]

China, Shanghai

To quantify ultrafine particle concentrations in real multi-chair dental clinics and to compare the levels of ultrafine particles produced by different dental procedures

Air sampling in an oral healthcare operatory

Rafiee et al. [39]

Canada, Edmonton

To characterise the size and concentrations of particles emitted from seven different dental procedures

Air sampling in an oral healthcare operatory

Lahdentausta et al. [38]

Finland, Helsinki

To measure aerosol generation in various dental procedures in clinical settings.

Air sampling in an oral healthcare operatory

Field et al. [37]

U.K., Kingston

to quantify and characterise the microparticles present within the surgical environment over a one-week sampling period

Air sampling in an oral healthcare operatory

Polednik [36]

Poland, Lublin

To report comprehensive measurements of aerosol particle number and mass concentrations during individual dental procedures in real working conditions.

Air sampling in an oral healthcare operatory

Sotiriou et al. [35]

USA, Massachusetts

To describe the first systematic measurements of particle number, size, mass concentrations, and elemental composition of the particles in a dental office during dental drilling procedures associated with fillings and crowns

Air sampling in an oral healthcare operatory

Henriks-Eckerman et al. [34]

Finland, Turku

To study exposure to airborne methacrylates and natural rubber latex allergens during the placement of dental resin-based composites in six clinics

Air sampling in an oral healthcare operatory