Table 2 Signals involved in cellular senescence and other age-related mechanisms during OA
From: Cellular senescence and other age-related mechanisms in skeletal diseases
Cell types | Molecules or signals | Variation | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Chondrocytes | SASP | Up | Promotes senescence phenotype | |
CircRREB1 | Up | Promotes chondrocyte senescence by regulating fatty acid synthase-related lipid metabolism | ||
PDZK1 | Down | Promotes mitochondrial disorders and chondrocyte aging | ||
SIRT6 | Down | Upregulates senescence markers via the SIRT6-STAT5 signaling pathway | ||
ADAM19 | Up | Promotes the senescence phenotype | ||
MYL3 | Down | Promotes clathrin-mediated endocytosis and Notch signaling | ||
miR-34a/miR-24/miR-150 | Up | Affects the senescence of neighboring cells | ||
HDAC3 | Down | Contributes to Parkin acetylation and activates mitochondrial autophagy | ||
MSCs | PUM1 | Down | Activates TLR4-mediated NF-κB activation | |
ALKBH5 | Down | Enhances m6A modification to enhance the stability of CYP1B1 mRNA and induce mitochondrial dysfunction | ||
HP1α/LAP2 | Down | Promotes aging-associated inflammation | ||
Gremlin 1+ | Down | Decreases in quantity and secretory function and contributes to the cartilage pathology of OA | ||
SYCs | NAD | Up | Accelerates CD38 depletion | |
SASP | Up | Induces senescence phenotype | ||
PI3K/ERK | Up | Accelerates cartilage deterioration | ||
Subchondral pre-OCs | COX2/PGE2 | Up | Enhances osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs | |
Subchondral OCs | TGF-β1 | Up | Activates the Smad2/3 signaling | |
HIF-1α | Down | Increases oxygen levels | ||
Lcp1 | Up | Promotes angiogenesis | ||
Netrin-1 | Up | Promotes sensory nerve formation and low back pain | ||
ECs | RANKL/MMP-9 | Up | Induces the migration and maturation of OCs | |
Subchondral OCYs | RANKL | Up | Promotes the activation of OCs | |
Subchondral OBs | PGE2/IL-6/MMP-9/VEGF/RANKL | Up | Promotes the differentiation of OCs and the erosion of subchondral bone | |
ADs | SASP | Up | Accelerates the aging of other cells | |
Satellite cells | p16 | Up | Inhibits the regeneration of musculoskeletal cells |
