Fig. 4
From: Biologics for bone regeneration: advances in cell, protein, gene, and mRNA therapies
Pathological conditions associated with difficult-to-heal bone fractures. Several bone diseases, including osteoporosis, Paget’s disease of bone, rickets, osteomalacia, osteogenesis imperfecta, and bone tumors, predispose patients to recurrent fractures with delayed or failed healing. This schematic highlights the key characteristics of each condition. Patients affected by these disorders present deficiencies in bone metabolism, structural integrity, or cellular function; therefore, they may particularly benefit from biologic therapies designed to stimulate bone regeneration
