Fig. 4: Differential characteristics of bile lipidomics in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) at different stages and inflammatory biliary tract diseases in benign controls. | British Journal of Cancer

Fig. 4: Differential characteristics of bile lipidomics in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) at different stages and inflammatory biliary tract diseases in benign controls.

From: Lipidomic profiling of human bile distinguishes cholangiocarcinoma from benign bile duct diseases with high specificity and sensitivity: a prospective descriptive study

Fig. 4

a–d compare early-stage (I/II) and intermediate/advanced-stage (III/IV) CCA with benign controls in Cohorts 1 (a, b) and 2 (c, d). e–h contrast the inflammatory biliary tract disease (IBT) and noninflammatory biliary tract disease (NIBT) groups with the CCA patients in Cohorts 1 (e, f) and 2 (g, h). The results are visualised through two complementary analyses: (1) partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS–DA) score plots, illustrating group separation on the basis of the top two latent components, and (2) lipid clustering heatmaps displaying hierarchical relationships and abundance patterns of the 25 most statistically significant differential lipids. Keywords: C Benign controls, I/II early-stage CCA (TNM stages I-II), III/IV intermediate/advanced-stage CCA (TNM stages III-IV), IBT inflammatory biliary tract disease, NIBT noninflammatory biliary tract disease.

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