Table 1 Characteristics of the study population at least two years before the diagnosis of PDAC (cases) or last visit (controls).
Variables of interest | Cohort with PDAC during follow up (total 10,575) | Cohort without PDAC during follow up (total 105,750) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Person-years follow up | Median | 18 | 16 |
Range | 2–91 | 2–75 | |
Gender | Male | 5441 (51.5%) | 54,410 (51.5%) |
Female | 5134 (48.5%) | 51,340 (48.5%) | |
Missing | 0 | 0 | |
Age (years) | ≤40 | 73 (0.7%) | 730 (0.7%) |
41–50 | 432 (4.1%) | 4320 (4.1%) | |
51–60 | 1494 (14.1%) | 14,940 (14.1%) | |
61–70 | 3055 (28.9%) | 30,550 (28.9%) | |
>70 | 5521 (52.2%) | 55,210 (52.2%) | |
Missing | 0 | 0 | |
Alcohol intake | Alcohol use | 6859 (64.9%) | 65,674 (62.1%) |
Alcohol use disorder | 588 (5.6%) | 4726 (4.5%) | |
No | 1148 (10.9%) | 11,586 (11%) | |
Missing | 2568 (24.3%) | 28,490 (26.9%) | |
Cigarette smoking | Ever | 5982 (56.6%) | 52,835 (50%) |
Never | 3741 (35.4%) | 40,819 (38.6%) | |
Not available | 852 (24.3%) | 12,096 (11.4%) | |
Comorbidities | Dyslipidemia | 5108 (48.3%) | 42,078 (39.8%) |
Increased blood pressure | 4343 (41.1%) | 39,718 (37.6%) | |
Lung cancer | 23 (0.2%) | 647 (0.6%) | |
Bladder cancer | 73 (0.7%) | 624 (0.6%) | |
Head and neck cancer | 17 (0.2%) | 112 (0.1%) | |
Melanoma | 168 (1.6%) | 1615 (1.5%) | |
Pancreatic cysts | 17 (0.2%) | 27 ( < 0.1%) | |
Pancreatitis | 174 (1.6%) | 683 (0.6%) | |
Cholecystitis | 158 (1.5%) | 1145 (1.1%) | |
Helicobacter pylori infection | 46 (0.4%) | 351 (0.3%) | |
Diabetis mellitus ≤4 years | 592 (5.6%) | 5143 (4.9%) | |
Diabetis mellitus >4 years | 1152 (10.9%) | 9721 (9.2%) | |
Introduction or changes of antidiabetic medication over the last four years | 1061 (10.0%) | 7422 (7.0%) | |
Clinical examination | |||
Weight loss >5% within the previous year | 206 (1.9%) | 1742 (1.6%) | |
Fatigue | 593 (5.6%) | 6038 (5.7%) | |
Abdominal pain | 1281 (12.1%) | 11,684 (11%) | |
Laboratory test results | |||
Alanine aminotransferase | Missing | 4936 (46.7%) | 48,309 (45.7%) |
Elevated | 2032 (19.2%) | 12,525 (11.8%) | |
Normal | 3607 (34.1%) | 44,916 (42.5%) | |
Aspartate aminotransferase | Missing | 8056 (76.2%) | 84,103 (79.5%) |
Elevated | 579 (5.5%) | 5277 (5%) | |
Normal | 1940 (18.3%) | 16,370 (15.5%) | |
Alkaline phosphatase | Missing | 3775 (35.7%) | 40,604 (38.4%) |
Elevated | 2566 (24.3%) | 9361 (8.9%) | |
Normal | 4234 (40%) | 55,785 (52.8%) | |
Gamma-glutamyl transferase | Missing | 7590 (71.8%) | 77,475 (73.3%) |
Elevated | 1002 (9.5%) | 9081 (8.6%) | |
Normal | 1983 (18.8%) | 19,194 (18.2%) | |
Bilirubin | Missing | 3589 (33.9%) | 40,414 (38.2%) |
Elevated | 1024 (9.7%) | 3643 (3.4%) | |
Normal | 5962 (56.4%) | 61,693 (58.3%) | |
Amylase | Missing | 10,165 (96.1%) | 102,847 (97.3%) |
Elevated | 59 (0.6%) | 287 (0.3%) | |
Normal | 351 (3.3%) | 2616 (2.5%) | |
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate | Missing | 6649 (62.9%) | 70,639 (66.8%) |
Elevated | 1344 (12.7%) | 8811 (8.33%) | |
Normal | 2582 (24.4%) | 26,300 (24.9%) | |
C-reactive protein | Missing | 8293 (78.4%) | 86,227 (81.5%) |
Elevated | 1478 (14%) | 9392 (8.9%) | |
Normal | 804 (7.6%) | 10,131 (9.6%) | |
Lactate dehydrogenase | Missing | 10,370 (98.1%) | 104,059 (98.4%) |
Elevated | 54 (0.5%) | 414 (0.4%) | |
Normal | 151 (1.4%) | 1277 (1.2%) | |
Albumin | Missing | 3437 (32.5%) | 40,961 (38.7%) |
Decreased | 3200 (30.3%) | 20,871 (19.7%) | |
Normal | 3938 (37.2%) | 43,918 (41.5%) | |
Total cholesterol | Missing | 3372 (31.9%) | 38,427 (36.3%) |
Elevated | 3128 (29.6%) | 33,080 (31.3%) | |
Normal | 4075 (38.5%) | 34,243 (32.4%) | |
Glycated haemoglobin A1c | Missing | 8308 (78.6%) | 85,108 (80.5%) |
Elevated | 773 (7.3%) | 5105 (4.8%) | |
Normal | 1494 (14.1%) | 15,537 (14.7%) | |
