Fig. 3

TGFβ1 stimulates RGMa protein expression in primary astrocytes. a Western blot analysis for RGMa expression in primary astrocytes treated with or without TGFβ1 (1–100 ng/ml) for 3 days (n = 3). b Representative fluorescence photographs of RGMa (green) and GFAP (red) expression in cultured astrocytes in the absence or presence of TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml for 3 days). Similar results were obtained using two additional cell batches. c Western blot analysis for RGMa expression in astrocyte cultures pretreated with or without SB431542 (30 μM for 1 h) before TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml for 3 days) stimulation (n = 3). d Immunostaining of RGMa (green) and GFAP (red) expression in cultured primary astrocytes pretreated with or without SB431542 (30 μM for 1 h) before TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml for 3 days) stimulation. One representative panel per group out of three independent cell cultures is shown. Scale bar, 100 μm. Data in bar graphs are means ± SEM a and c; one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test, **p < 0.01