Fig. 7: The expression of RUNX2 is upregulated in multiple carcinomas and is the potential cancer biomarker.

A Immunohistochemical staining of RUNX2 and PPARα in breast cancer and adjacent tissues (n = 10). B Analysis of published clinical datasets (GSE48390) for the expression of RUNX2, MTA1, CUL4B, PPARα, and SOD2 by two-tailed unpaired t test. C Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of GSE3494 for the relationship between survival time and RUNX2/PPARα, MTA1/PPARα, and CUL4B/PPARα expression signatures in breast cancer. Survival curves were calculated using Kaplan–Meier method. Log-rank tests were used for the statistical analysis. D Analysis of a GEO dataset (GSE14017) for the expression of RUNX2 in breast cancer with bone, brain, or lung metastasis. E Immunohistochemical staining of RUNX2 in paired tumor tissues of thyroid, rectum, liver, and lung versus adjacent normal tissues (n = 6). F RUNX2 expression in gastric and lung cancers microarray datasets available from GAPIA (https://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/). G Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of the relationship between survival time and RUNX2 signature in gastric and lung cancers using the online tool (http://kmplot.com/analysis/). H The proposed regulatory mechanisms of the RUNX2/MTA1/CUL4B complex in controlling invasion and bone metastasis of breast cancer. All results were presented as mean ± SEM. Two-tailed unpaired t test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.