Fig. 3: Macrophage polarization under lactic acid modulation simulates TMAO regulation. | Cell Death & Differentiation

Fig. 3: Macrophage polarization under lactic acid modulation simulates TMAO regulation.

From: Intestinal metabolite TMAO promotes CKD progression by stimulating macrophage M2 polarization through histone H4 lysine 12 lactylation

Fig. 3: Macrophage polarization under lactic acid modulation simulates TMAO regulation.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

A qRT-PCR was developed on macrophages treated under certain conditions as elucidated on Method part, M0, M1(100 ng/ml LPS + 20 ng/ml IFN-γ for 12 h) and M1 + LD 10 mM, iNOS, IL-12, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA levels (A) and Arg-1, IL-10, YM-1, MR, Fizz1, and TGFβ1 levels (B) were shown and Flow cytometry plots and quantification of MHCII + M1 and CD206 + M2 were shown (C).

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