Fig. 1: EBV infection enhances RNA m5C level through upregulating NSUN2 in NPC. | Cell Death & Differentiation

Fig. 1: EBV infection enhances RNA m5C level through upregulating NSUN2 in NPC.

From: Epstein-Barr virus drives nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis via RNA m5C modification of ICAM-1 mediated by NSUN2 and YBX3

Fig. 1: EBV infection enhances RNA m5C level through upregulating NSUN2 in NPC.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

A RNA-Bis-seq analysis demonstrating overall upregulation of RNA m5C modification in EBV-infected HK-1 cells (EBV + ) compared with parental control cells (CTRL). B RNA-seq analysis showing the upregulated NSUN2 transcription level in EBV + HK-1 cells described in A. TPM: Transcripts Per Million. Data are the mean ± SD. NSUN2 expression levels in HK-1 and CNE2 cells before (CTRL) and after EBV infection (EBV + ) at mRNA and protein levels as determined by qPCR (C) and western blot analysis (D), respectively. LMP1 serves as a reference. Data are the mean ± SD. E Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealing higher NSUN2 transcription levels in EBV high (EBVhigh) than low (EBVlow) cell clusters of malignant cells in NPC clinical samples (n = 10). Cells without EBV transcription detected by scRNA-seq are defined as EBV low; otherwise, EBV high. F RNA-Bis-seq analysis demonstrating overall downregulation of RNA m5C modification in HK-1-EBV cells with NSUN2 knockdown (siNSUN2) compared with control cells (siNC). G Transcriptional correlation between NSUN2 and EBV-encoded LMP1 in NPC samples (n = 95). NSUN2 expression levels in HK-1-EBV and CNE2-EBV cells with LMP1 overexpression (LMP1-OE) or without (Vector) as determined by qPCR (H) and western blot analysis (I). Data are the mean ± SD. J Transcriptional correlation between NSUN2 and NF-κB signaling pathway in NPC samples (n = 95). K Western blot analysis evaluating the protein levels of NSUN2, NF-κB-p65, and LMP1 in HK-1-EBV and CNE2-EBV cells overexpressing LMP1 with or without blocking NF-κB signaling pathway using the pathway inhibitor (PTDC) or siRNA (siNF-κB). Representative western blot images of three biological replicates with similar results are shown in (D, I, K). Data in (C, H) are Mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate tests based on data distribution: two-sided unpaired Student’s t test was applied for (A, B, C, F, H) and correlation analyses for (G, J) were conducted using the cor. test function in R (v4.4.2). *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.

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