Table 3 Cell death and DAMP production in neurodegenerative diseases.
Diseases | Risk factor | Cell death | Cell death KO mice | DAMP | DAMP KO mice |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neurodegenerative diseases | Smoking [280] Hypertension [281] Obesity [282] Hypercholesterolemia [283] Alcohol [284] Air pollution [285] | Apoptosis [141] Necroptosis [142] Pyroptosis [144] Ferroptosis [146] Excitotoxicity [140] | Delayed neuronal cell death in traumatic brain injury in Bax, RIPK1- or RIPK3-deficient mice [286], [143]. Ablation of NLRP3 and GSDMD exerts neuroprotective effects after traumatic brain injury [149]. Improved pathogenesis of AD in NLRP3 or caspase-1 KO mice [147]. PARP-1 deletion prevents cognitive dysfunction in AD [148]. CypD depletion attenuated synaptic degeneration in an AD mouse model [150]. | astrocytes: ATP, HSP70, uric acid S100 neurons: ATP, HSP70, uric acid, mtDNA formylated peptides, HMGB1, PRXs [152] oligodendrocytes and glia cells: HSP70, mtDNA formylated peptides, HMGB1, PRXs [152] Chromogranin A [153] | Knockout of S100B decreases plaque load in the cortical region in AD mouse model [287]. |
