Fig. 3: ULBP2 activates TGF-β signalling and collagen formation in GC.
From: ULBP2 CAR-T cells enhance gastric cancer immunotherapy by inhibiting CAF activation
A Heat map showing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ULBP2−/− MKN-45 cells compared to wild-type cells. B Transcriptome KEGG analysis revealed 20 pathways that ULBP2 knockout had a significant effect on MKN-45 cells. C ULBP2 knockout exhibited the most pronounced impact on ECM-receptor interaction and TGF-β signalling pathway of GC. D–F Transcriptome GSEA analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the TGF-β signalling pathway (D), ECM-receptor interaction (E), and collagen formation (F). G mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 in ctrl cells and ULBP2−/− MKN-45 and SNU-216 cells (n = 3). H Western blotting of TGF-β1, phosphorylated SMAD2 (p-SMAD2), and total SMAD2/3 (T-SMAD2/3) in ctrl cells and ULBP2−/− MKN-45 and SNU-216 cells. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001).
