Fig. 3: Ox-mtDNA-NLRP3-IL-1β axis is involved in LPS-primed rotenone-induced neuronal damage in vivo.

A Schematic representation of the experimental design for PD induction in mice. B–D Relative amounts of total mtDNA in cytosols of midbrains from mice primed with LPS (4 µg/2 µL) and stimulated with rotenone (1.5 mg/kg). E Co-localization of 8-OHdG (green) with Iba-1 (red) assessed via confocal microscopy. Scale bar = 10 μm. F Co-localization of NLRP3 (green) with Iba-1 (red) assessed via confocal microscopy. Scale bar = 10 μm. G, H NLRP3 and IL-1β mRNA expression level in midbrain detected by RT-qPCR (n = 5). I–K cleaved-caspase-1 and cleaved-IL-1β protein expressions in LPS (4 µg/2 µL) primed rotenone (1.5 mg/kg) induced mice midbrain were measured by western blotting (n = 5). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.