Fig. 2: UBE3A promotes the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells in vivo.

A–F Pancreatic cancer cell suspensions were injected subcutaneously into the right axilla of nude mice. Animals were assigned to Vector, UBE3A, sh-Ctrl, sh-UBE3A#2, and sh-UBE3A#3 groups; tumor volume and weight were recorded and compared. G–I Primary splenic tumors and hepatic metastatic lesions were measured and analyzed for volume and fluorescence intensity. J, K Representative H&E-stained images of liver metastases. Quantitative fluorescence was measured using a small animal in vivo imaging system. Tumor volume was measured with calipers, and excised tumors were weighed using an electronic balance. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed using two-tailed Student’s t-tests; significance is indicated as ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001.