Table 1 The roles of m6A regulators in RNA metabolism.

From: N6-methyladenosine: a key regulator in ocular disease mechanisms and treatment

Type	Proteins	Family	Location	Functions	Ref
Writers	METTL3	Methyltransferase family	Cytoplasm and nucleus	Regulates RNA stability, translation efficiency, and splicing by catalyzing m6A modification	[265]
	METTL14	Methyltransferase family	nucleus	Significantly enhances catalytic activity by stabilizing METTL3 conformation and participating in RNA substrate recognition	[266]
	METTL16	Methyltransferase family	Cytoplasm and nucleus	Specifically adds m6A modifications to various RNA molecules	[267]
	RBM15	RNA-binding protein family	Nucleus	Binds the m6A complex and recruits it to specialized RNA sites	[268]
	WTAP	Wilms tumor-associated protein family	Nucleus	Interacts with METTL3 and METTL14 to regulate m6A modification complex activity	[269]
	VIRMA	Methyltransferase complex	Nucleus	Guides writers to specific RNA regions	[270]
	ZC3H13	CCCH-type zinc finger protein family	Nucleus	Bridges RBM15 to WTAP, ensuring nuclear localization of the m6A methyltransferase complex	[271]
Erasers	FTO (ALKBH9)	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family	Nucleus	Demethylates m6A by oxidizing it to hm6A and then to f6A	[272]
	ALKBH5	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family	Nucleus	Demethylates m6A by directly removing methyl groups from methylated adenosine	[273]
	ALKBH3	Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family	Cytoplasm and nucleus	Facilitates DNA repair, tRNA demethylation, and enhances protein translation efficiency	[274]
Readers	YTHDF1	YTH domain protein family	Cytoplasm	Interacts with eIF3 to direct mRNA into the translation initiation complex, promoting translation initiation	[275]
	YTHDF2	YTH domain protein family	Cytoplasm	The C-terminal YTH domain recognizes m6A sites and the N-terminus binds to CNOT1, recruiting the CCR4-NOT complex to transport m6A-modified RNA to P-bodies for accelerated degradation	[276]
	YTHDF3	YTH domain protein family	Cytoplasm	Collaborates with YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 to promote translation efficiency of m6A-modified mRNAs	[277]
	YTHDC1	YTH domain protein family	Nucleus	Interacts with SRSF3, NXF1, and TREX complexes to promote nuclear export and splicing regulation of mRNAs	[278]
	YTHDC2	YTH domain protein family	Cytoplasm	Interacts with 5′3′ exoribonuclease 1 (XRN1) to promote degradation of m6A-modified mRNAs while enhancing translation efficiency	[279]
	IGF2BP1	Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein family	Cytoplasm	Enhances mRNA stability and translation	[280]
	IGF2BP2	Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein family	Cytoplasm	Enhances mRNA stability and translation	[281]
	IGF2BP3	Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein family	Cytoplasm	Enhances mRNA stability and translation	[282]
	HNRNPC	Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family	Nucleus	Regulates mRNA abundance and splicing	[283]
	HNRNPG	Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family	Nucleus	Regulates mRNA abundance and splicing	[284]
	HNRNPA2B1	Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family	Nucleus	Recognizes m6A core motif RGAC and regulates RNA selective cleavage in a METTL3-dependent manner	[285]
	eIF3	Eukaryotic initiation factor family	Cytoplasm	Enhances the assembly of translation initiation complexes, regulating translation efficiency	[286]

CNOT1 CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 1, f6A N6-formyladenosine, hm6A N6-hydroxymethyladenosine, NXF1 nuclear RNA export factor 1, P-body processing body, SRSF3 serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3, TREX the three-prime repair exonuclease, XRN1 5′-3′ Exoribonuclease 1.

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Table 1 The roles of m6A regulators in RNA metabolism.

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