Table 2 Effect estimates of demographic, anthropometric, infection, and iron biomarkers with vaginal Lf concentration

From: Mucosal lactoferrin response to genital tract infections is associated with iron and nutritional biomarkers in young Burkinabé women

  

Adjusted for visit1

Adjusted for visit and MUAC2

Parameter

N 3

P visit 4

Effect (95%CI)

P 5

P visit 4

Effect (95%CI)

P 5

Reproductive age (per year)

1188

<0.001

0.01 (−0.02–0.05)

0.40

<0.001

0.01 (−0.03–0.04)

0.67

Sexually active6 (yes)

711

NA

0.28 (0.08−0.48)

0.005

NA

0.24 (0.04–0.44)

0.019

Alcohol (yes)

1212

<0.001

−0.02 (−0.14–0.09)

0.71

<0.001

−0.01 (−0.13–0.10)

0.81

BMI (per kg/m2)

1224

<0.001

0.03 (0.01–0.06)

0.018

NA

NA

NA

MUAC (per cm)

1224

<0.001

0.03 (0.00–0.06)

0.047

NA

NA

NA

No schooling (yes)

1219

<0.001

−0.01 (−0.13–0.11)

0.83

<0.001

−0.01 (−0.12–0.0)

0.93

Nugent scores: 0–3

1146

<0.001

Reference

<0.001

<0.001

Reference

<0.001

4–6

NA

NA

0.41 (0.23–0.59)

NA

<0.001

0.42 (0.24–0.60)

NA

7–10

NA

NA

0.82 (0.63–1.00)

NA

<0.001

0.81 (0.62–1.00)

NA

T. vaginalis (yes)

1215

<0.001

1.06 (0.85–1.26)

<0.001

<0.001

1.06 (0.86–1.26)

<0.001

Vaginal discharge (yes)

1221

<0.001

0.26 (0.07–0.45)

0.006

<0.001

0.26 (0.08–0.45)

0.006

Antibiotic use (yes)

1224

<0.001

0.12 (−0.01–0.24)

0.066

<0.001

0.11 (−0.01–0.24)

0.075

Antifungal use (yes)

1224

<0.001

0.49 (0.25–0.73)

<0.001

<0.001

0.48 (0.24–0.72)

<0.001

Adjusted ferritin, µg/l7

1216

<0.001

0.07 (0.01–0.13)

0.021

<0.001

0.07 (0.01–0.13)

0.018

sTfR, µg/ml

1216

<0.001

−0.01 (−0.15–0.13)

0.86

<0.001

0.00 (−0.14–0.14)

0.99

ZPP, µmol/mol heme

1216

<0.001

−0.03 (−0.18–0.12)

0.73

<0.001

−0.02 (−0.17–0.13)

0.82

Ratio sTfR (µg/ml) /log10 ferritin (µg/l)

1213

<0.001

−0.08 (−0.18–0.02)

0.14

<0.001

−0.07 (−0.18–0.03)

0.16

Hepcidin, µmol/ml

1211

<0.001

0.05 (0.00 0.09)

0.040

<0.001

0.04 (0.00–0.09)

0.047

CRP, mg/l

1212

<0.001

0.03 (0.00–0.07)

0.062

<0.001

0.04 (0.00–0.07)

0.048

Hb, g/dl

1219

<0.001

−0.01 (−0.45–0.43)

0.96

<0.001

−0.06 (−0.49–0.38)

0.81

Body iron stores, mg/kg7

1213

<0.001

0.014 (0.001–0.028)

0.041

<0.001

0.014 (0.000–0.028)

0.042

  1. BMI body mass index, MUAC mid-upper-arm-circumference, sTfR serum transferrin receptor,
  2. ZPP whole blood zinc protoporphyrin, CRP C-reactive protein, NA not applicable
  3. 1Combined data for Lf measurements at follow-up in non-pregnant (end assessment) or pregnant women (ANC1 and ANC2). Effect sizes are differences in Log10 Lf per unit, or between groups, adjusting for visit, or visit and MUAC, as fixed factors, and participant as a random effect in a linear mixed model that includes all women and visits in a single analysis
  4. 2Additional model adjusted also for MUAC assessed at ANC1 or end assessment
  5. 3Number of Lf measurements included in the analysis across all visits after missing data excluded
  6. 4Pvisit: P-value associated with the visit effect
  7. 5Significance of the effect of the variable itself—average across all visits
  8. 6Assessed at baseline and related to Lf concentration measured for non-pregnant women at end assessment only
  9. 7Ferritin estimated using an internal regression correction approach allowing for inflammation based on CRP as described by Namaste et al. [23]
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