Table 3 Multivariate-adjusted^a brain volume at baseline and change at 2 years according to quintiles of baseline dietary diversity score.

		Quintiles of baseline dietary diversity score (N = 1683)
		Q1 (low)	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5 (high)	P value^b	P for trend^b
		(N = 336)	(N = 336)	(N = 337)	(N = 336)	(N = 338)	P value^b	P for trend^b
Total grey matter volume
Baseline (cm³)	Model 1	578.04 ± 1.76	575.54 ± 1.73	575.12 ± 1.73	574.72 ± 1.73	575.33 ± 1.74	0.698	0.265
Difference between two years^c (cm³)	Model 1	−5.92 ± 0.57	−4.76 ± 0.56	−3.73 ± 0.56	−4.24 ± 0.56	−4.03 ± 0.57	0.064	0.018
	Model 2	−5.79 ± 0.56	−4.77 ± 0.56	−3.77 ± 0.55	−4.30 ± 0.56	−4.05 ± 0.56	0.102	0.028
Decrease % from baseline to follow-up period (two years)^d (%)	Model 1	1.02 ± 0.10	0.83 ± 0.10	0.64 ± 0.10	0.74 ± 0.10	0.69 ± 0.10	0.065	0.017
Hippocampal volume
Baseline (cm³)	Model 1	8.702 ± 0.049	8.700 ± 0.048	8.685 ± 0.048	8.827 ± 0.048	8.732 ± 0.048	0.233	0.333
Difference between two years^c (cm³)	Model 1	−0.109 ± 0.010	−0.088 ± 0.010	−0.082 ± 0.010	−0.070 ± 0.010	−0.072 ± 0.010	0.042	0.004
	Model 2	−0.109 ± 0.010	−0.089 ± 0.010	−0.083 ± 0.010	−0.068 ± 0.010	−0.072 ± 0.010	0.029	0.003
Decrease % from baseline to follow-up period (two years)^d (%)	Model 1	1.31 ± 0.12	1.07 ± 0.12	0.98 ± 0.12	0.81 ± 0.12	0.85 ± 0.12	0.030	0.003

Mean ± SE.
SE standard error.
^aAdjusted variables.
^bIn post hoc analyses, the general linear model was used, assigning dummy variables −2, −1, 0, 1, 2 to quintiles of dietary diversity score.
^cThe difference (cm³) was calculated from this formula: “Volume at follow-up” - “Volume at baseline”.
^dDecrease % from baseline to follow-up period (two years) was calculated from this formula: (“Volume at baseline” − “Volume at follow-up”)/“Volume at baseline” *100.
Model 1: baseline age, sex, education, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity and history of stroke, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.
Model 2: Model 1 + baseline total grey matter volume or hippocampal volume.

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