Table 1 Participant characteristics across dietary patterns.

From: Dietary intakes and nutritional adequacy of Australians consuming plant-based diets compared to a regular meat-eating diet

 

Total sample (n = 240)

Vegan (n = 48)

Lacto-ovo vegetarian (n = 48)

Pesco-vegetarian (n = 48)

Semi-vegetarian (n = 48)

Regular meat-eater (n = 48)

P

Females1

186 (77.5)

34 (70.0)

36 (75.0)

39 (81.3)

40 (83.3)

37 (77.1)

0.625

Age (yrs)1

53.8 ± 10.3

47.8 ± 10.0a

53.7 ± 10.0b

55.8 ± 11.0b

55.2 ± 8.7b

56.5 ± 9.7b

<0.001

Ethnicity

 Oceanian

110 (45.8)

23 (47.9)

20 (41.7)

21 (43.8)

19 (39.6)

27 (56.3)

0.514

 European2

66 (27.5)

15 (31.3)

14 (29.2)

10 (20.8)

14 (29.2)

13 (27.1)

0.809

 Other2

64 (25.7)

10 (20.9)

14 (29.1)

17 (35.4)

15 (31.3)

8 (16.7)

0.238

BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 1,3

100 (41.7)

17 (35.4)

23 (48.0)

20 (41.7)

16 (33.3)

24 (50.0)

0.375

Married

189 (78.8)

40 (83.3)

37 (77.1)

37 (77.1)

35 (73.0)

36 (75.0)

0.511

Physical Activity (MET)1

5424 ± 5243

5775 ± 4036

6984 ± 8783

4909 ± 4101

4393 ± 3534

5060 ± 3600

0.134

Vitamin and Mineral Supplement use (%)4

Supplement users

160 (66.7)

37 (77.1)

36 (75.0)

33 (68.8)

32 (66.7)

22 (45.8)

0.012

Iron

32 9 (13.3)

13 (27.1)

5 (10.4)

6 (12.5)

6 (12.5)

2 (4.2)

0.027

Vitamin B12

59 (24.6)

25 (52.1)

9 (18.8)

10 (20.8)

13 (27.1)

2 (4.2)

<0.001

Vitamin C

42 (17.5)

7 (14.6)

13 (27.1)

9 (18.8)

7 (14.6)

6 (12.5)

0.382

Multivitamin

27 (11.3)

6 (12.5)

7 (14.6)

4 (8.3)

7 (14.6)

3 (6.3)

0.605

Vitamin D1

73 (30.4)

15 (31.3)

17 (35.4)

19 (39.6)

13 (27.1)

9 (18.8)

0.206

Calcium

35 (14.6)

7 (14.6)

8 (16.7)

7 (14.6)

7 (14.6)

6 (12.5)

0.999

Magnesium

57 (23.8)

11 (22.9)

13 (27.1)

12 (25)

10 (20.8)

11 (22.9)

0.978

Vitamin B complex

25 (10.4)

6 (12.5)

4 (8.3)

9 (18.8)

4 (8.3)

2 (4.2)

0.200

Zinc

26 (10.8)

8 (16.7)

3 (6.3)

6 (12.5)

3 (6.3)

6 (12.5)

0.423

Complementary Bioactives use (%)

Omega-31,5

27 (11.3)

3 (6.3)

7 (14.5)

4 (8.3)

2 (4.2)

11 (22.9)

0.035

 EPA/DHA

24 (10.0)

2 (4.2)

5 (10.4)

4 (8.3)

2 (4.2)

11 (22.9)

0.025

 ALA

3 (1.3)

1 (2.1)

2 (4.2)

0

0

0

0.514

Curcumin/turmeric

14 (5.8)

4 (9.3)

1 (2.1)

3 (6.3)

3 (6.3)

3 (6.3)

0.801

  1. Data reported as means ± SD for continuous variables and counts and (percentages) for categorical variables. Contentious data was compared using AVOVA and categorical data was compared using Fisher’s Exact.
  2. ALA alpha-linolenic acid, BMI body-mass index, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, MET metabolic equivalent of task minutes, WC waist circumference.
  3. 1This data has been published elsewhere [28].
  4. 2European includes North-West & South-East descents. Other races include mixed heritage, North African and Middle Eastern, Peoples of Americas, Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander.
  5. 3Overweight defined as overweight; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and obese; ≥30 kg/m2 defined by the WHO [32]. 4Participants currently taking medication/supplement as per medical history questionnaire. Supplements consumed ≥3 times per week were reported. Supplements which included ≤3 vitamin/minerals were reported separately and >3 were reported as a multivitamin.
  6. 5Omega-3 supplements were defined as; EPA/DHA (fish and krill based), and ALA (algae and flaxseed based).
  7. a,b,cValues within the same row without a common superscript letter are significantly different (P < 0.05).
Back to article page