Fig. 1: Images of liver.

a Extracted liver displaying visible arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and multiple focal nodular hyperplasias (FNH). b Coronal contrast-enhanced CT scan in the arterial phase, showing the liver before transplantation with clearly visible intrahepatic arteries and multiple FNH lesions. Biopsies were taken from marked areas: (1) HAVM in hepatic segment 7 (sample ID: G142-3 and G142-4), (2) HAVM in hepatic segment 6 (sample ID: G142-1 and G142-2), (3) HAVM in hepatic segment 5 (sample ID: G142-5 and G142-6), and (4) macroscopic normal tissue in hepatic segment 4 (sample ID: G142-N1 and G142-N2). Created with BioRender.com.