Teprotumumab is a monoclonal antibody therapy targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-IR) for thyroid eye disease (TED). Teprotumumab is an alternative to traditional immunosuppression [1, 2]. This infographic summarises the design and results of the multicentre phase III “OPTIC” trial: Treatment of Graves’ Orbitopathy (Thyroid Eye Disease) to Reduce Proptosis with Protumumab Infusions in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Trial, Investigating Clinical Efficacy. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of teprotumumab in active TED compared to placebo [3]. Teprotumumab reduced proptosis, Clinical Activity Score, diplopia and improved patient reported quality of life [3]. Created in BioRender. Berman, G. (2026) https://BioRender.com/yb3ap06.
References
Smith TJ, Kahaly GJ, Ezra DG, Fleming JC, Dailey RA, Tang RA, et al. Teprotumumab for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1748–61. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1614949.
Alushaj E, Berman G, Mollan SP, Simpson SM, Lowe M. Infographic: teprotumumab for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Eye. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-026-04336-0.
Douglas RS, Kahaly GJ, Patel A, Sile S, Thompson EHZ, Perdok R, et al. Teprotumumab for the treatment of active thyroid eye disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:341–52. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1910434.
Acknowledgements
Figure created in BioRender.com.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Design and drafting—EA, ML. Review – GB, SMS, SPM. All authors approved the final version.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
Michael Lowe reports speaker fees (Pfizer); travel (AbbVie, Teva, Lundbeck). Susan Mollan reports consultancy fees (Novo Nordisk); advisory board fees (Dompé Farmaceutici s.p.a, Sun Pharmaceuticals); speaker fees (Teva, AbbVie); Travel (AbbVie, Essilorluxottica, European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology); Receipt of equipment (Heidelberg Engineering). Susan is a section editor at Eye Journal. Authors declare no other financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work, and no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Alushaj, E., Lowe, M., Mollan, S.P. et al. Infographic: teprotumumab for the treatment of active thyroid eye disease. Eye (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-026-04432-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Version of record:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-026-04432-1
