Fig. 1: Flowchart of the study and differential expression analysis of ferroptosis-related genes in human IR-AKI and control samples.

a Schematic representation of the experimental workflow employed in this study, depicting the key steps involved in data collection, analysis, and interpretation. b Comparison of ferroptosis scores obtained in GSVA between the AKI and normal kidney samples. c The volcano plot depicting the differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes, with colors indicating upregulation or downregulation, and the size of circles representing fold changes. d The heatmap comparing the expression patterns of ferroptosis-related genes in the AKI and normal kidney samples, with the color blocks representing the levels of gene expression. e The boxplot showing the statistical comparison of ferroptosis-related gene expression between the AKI and normal kidney samples. The Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test was applied between the two groups. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. BIR: bilateral IR.