Table 1 Baseline characteristics of HF patients coexisting Af without beta-blockers classified into HR tertiles

From: Heart rate determines the beneficial effects of beta-blockers on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation

 

≤60 bpm

61–70 bpm

≥71 bpm

p-value

 

(n = 26)

(n = 17)

(n = 18)

 

Age, years

67.5 (60–75.3)

68 (60.5–72.5)

63 (49–75.3)

0.757

Male, n (%)

19 (73)

7 (41)

12 (67)

0.097

NYHA lll–lV, n (%)

22 (85)

12 (71)

13 (72)

0.477

Medical Hitory

DM, n (%)

8 (31)

2 (12)

2 (11)

0.171

Hypertension, n (%)

14 (54)

7 (41)

10 (56)

0.641

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

6 (23)

2 (12)

4 (22)

0.626

CVD, n (%)

8 (31)

2 (12)

2 (11)

0.171

COPD, n (%)

1 (4)

0 (0)

1 (6)

0.639

Underlying heart disease

    

Cardiomyopathy, n (%)

9 (35)

5 (29)

8 (44)

0.638

lHD, n (%)

4 (15)

1 (6)

1 (6)

0.455

HHD, n (%)

3 (12)

3 (18)

3 (17)

0.827

Valvular Disease, n (%)

5 (19)

5 (29)

4 (22)

0.737

Other, n (%)

5 (19)

3 (18)

2 (11)

0.764

Procedures

CRT, n (%)

1 (4)

2 (12)

5 (28)

0.068

ICD, n (%)

2 (8)

3 (18)

3 (17)

0.555

Pacemaker, n (%)

1 (4)

1 (6)

1 (6)

0.945

CABG, n (%)

2 (8)

0 (0)

1 (6)

0.516

PCl, n (%)

4 (15)

1 (6)

0 (0)

0.173

Discharge parameter

SBP, mmHg

109 (100–113)

110 (100–121)

110 (100–120)

0.671

DBP, mmHg

60 (58–65.3)

62 (59–66)

65 (60–70)

0.41

BMl, kg/m2

20.7 (18.8–22.9)

20 (18.5–23.2)

21.2 (17–25.4)

0.975

Hemoglobin, g/dL

12.9 (11.8–14)

13.2 (11.4–13.9)

12.7 (11.8–14.5)

0.941

Sodium, mEq/L

138 (135.7–140)

137 (136–141.5)

137 (132.7–141.3)

0.585

Potassium,mEq/L

4.3 (3.9–4.75)

4.2 (4.1–4.5)

4.4 (4–4.7)

0.639

BNP, pg/ml

219.5 (78–383.9)

170.5 (109–248)

222.7 (132–472)

0.693

eGFR, mL/min/173 m2

54 (32.2–78)

62 (47–70.5)

59.5 (49.5–74.7)

0.842

Discharge Treatment

ACEI, n (%)

10 (39)

10 (59)

5 (28)

0.165

ARB, n (%)

10 (39)

3 (18)

7 (39)

0.293

Diuretics, n (%)

25 (96)

0 (0)

17 (94)

0.639

MRA, n (%)

14 (54)

8 (47)

11 (61)

0.706

Amiodarone, n (%)

6 (23)

1 (6)

5 (28)

0.225

Warfarin, n (%)

25 (96)

15 (88)

0 (0)

0.259

Statin, n (%)

6 (23)

1 (6)

3 (17)

0.33

Digoxin, n (%)

10 (39)

9 (53)

10 (56)

0.467

Echocardiographic data

LVDd, mm

57.5 (50–67.3)

58 (50–63.5)

56 (46.5–67.3)

0.836

LVDs, mm

45.5 (34.8–56)

46 (35–55)

43 (35–55.7)

0.976

FS, %

20 (16.4–28)

19 (14–30.9)

18.1 (12.7–33.3)

0.813

LVEDV, ml

163.3 (119.6–229.4)

173.3 (125.3–203.0)

153.9 (103.7–212.3)

0.606

LVESV, ml

94.9 (51.8–149.1)

99.8 (64.0–141.5)

83.1 (54.4–147.4)

0.891

SV, ml

64.1 (49.0–96.1)

65.6 (49.9–77.9)

67.2 (49.9–72.6)

0.192

lVS, mm

10 (8–12)

10 (8.5–11)

9.5 (8–10.25)

0.737

PW, mm

10 (8–11)

9 (8–11)

9.5 (8–11)

0.601

LAD, mm

50.5 (42–58)

55 (45.5–60)

47 (42.7–57.5)

0.475

MR grade

1 (1.0–2.0)

1 (0.0–1.5)

2 (1.0–3.0)

0.157

  1. Data given as median (interquartile range) and number (%)
  2. HR heart rate, HF heart failure, Af atrial fibrillation, bpm beats per minute, NYHA new york heart association functional class, DM diabetes mellitus, CVD cerebrovascular disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IHD ischemic heart disease, HHD hypertensive heart disease, CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy, ICD implantable cardioverter defibrillator, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotension II receptor blocker, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, LVDd left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVDs left ventricular end-systolic diameter, FS fractional shortening, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVESV end-systolic volume, SV stroke volume, IVS interventricular septum, PW posterior wall, LAD left atrial diameter, MR grade mitral regurgitation grade
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