Table 1 Points of lifestyle modifications (JSH2019) [1]

From: Practical and personal education of dietary therapy in hypertensive patients

1. Salt reduction to <6 g per day

2. Increased intake of vegetables/fruita; reduced intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol; increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and low fat dairy products

3. Maintaining proper body weight: BMI ([body weight (kg)] ÷ [height (m)]2): <25

4. Exercise therapy: Mild aerobic exercise (dynamic/static muscle load exercise) for at least 30 min/day or 180 min/week

5. Reduction of alcohol intake: ≤20–30 mL ethanol per day in men and ≤10–20 mL ethanol per day in women

6. Smoking cessation

  1. Combined lifestyle modifications are more effective
  2. aIncreased intake of vegetables/fruit is not recommended for patients with renal dysfunction requiring restriction of potassium intake. Fruit intake should not exceed about 80 kcal/day in patients who need to restrict their energy intake, such as obese and diabetic patients
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