Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort

From: Individual shear rate therapy (ISRT)—further development of external counterpulsation for decreasing blood pressure in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD)

Variable

Controls (n = 43)

ISRT (n = 41)

p value

Risk factors

  Age

72.1 ± 9.2

69.8 ± 10.2

0.380

  Men

31 (72.1%)

30 (73.2%)

0.912

  Body mass index (kg/m2)

27.9 ± 5.9

28.1 ± 5.1

0.528

  Adiposity > 30 kg/m2

15 (34.9%)

14 (34.1%)

0.892

  Nicotinea

3 (6.97%)

2 (4.9%)

0.686

  Hypercholesterolemiab

35 (81.4%)

32 (78.1%)

0.704

  Hypertensionc

42 (97.1%)

40 (97.5%)

0.973

CAD presentation

  1-vessel disease

8 (18.6%)

6 (14.6%)

0.628

  2-vessel disease

12 (27.9%)

9 (22.%)

0.531

  3-vessel disease

23 (53.5%)

26 (63.4%)

0.359

  Previous MI

14 (32.6%)

17 (41.5%)

0.447

  CCS class

2.2 ± 0.7

2.1 ± 0.8

0.442

  NYHA class

1.9 ± 0.6

2.0 ± 0.7

0.569

 LVEF < 55%

19 (44.2%)

20 (48.8%)

0.675

Further disease

  Atrial fibrillation

9 (20.1%)

11 (26.8%)

0.528

  Pacemaker

8 (18.6%)

6 (14.6%)

0.628

  PAD

3 (6.97%)

2 (4.9%)

0.686

  Stroke

7 (16.3%)

8 (19.5%)

0.511

  Diabetes mellitus

15 (34.9%)

17 (41.5%)

0.593

  Renal insufficiency

7 (16.3%)

6 (14.6%)

0.836

  COPD

4 (9.3%)

7 (17.1%)

0.294

  Sleep apnea syndrome

19 (44.2%)

19 (46.3%)

0.920

Blood pressure at study entry

 24-h SBP, mmHg

133 ± 19.1

134 ± 15.1

0.864

 24-h DBP, mmHg

74 ± 11

75 ± 10

0.820

 Daytime SBP, mmHg

136 ± 19.5

138 ± 15.1

0.734

 Daytime DBP, mmHg

75 ± 11.5

78 ± 9.4

0.249

 Nighttime SBP, mmHg

131 ± 18.9

129 ± 15.7

0.579

 Nighttime DBP, mmHg

73 ± 11.4

72 ± 9.7

0.715

 24-h MAP, mmHg

93 ± 11.8

96 ± 10.9

0.800

 Daytime MAP, mmHg

95 ± 12.3

97 ± 9.1

0.226

 Nighttime MAP, mmHg

92 ± 11.9

94 ± 10.9

0.717

Heart rate at study entry

 24-h HR, bpm

66 ± 10

69 ± 8

0.163

 Daytime HR, bpm

69 ± 10

73 ± 11

0.097

 Nighttime HR, bpm

63 ± 10

64 ± 10

0.472

Antihypertensive drugs

ACEI

21 (48.8%)

17 (41.5%)

0.500

 AT1 receptor antagonists

22 (51.2%)

14 (34.1%)

0.177

 Beta-blocker

33 (76.7%)

35 (85.4%)

0.317

 Calcium channel blocker

14 (32.6%)

12 (29.3%)

0.746

 Diuretics

21 (48.8%)

22 (53.7%)

0.660

 Mean value antihypertensive drugs

2.6

2.4

0.670

 ≥3 antihypertensive medications

21 (48.8%)

20 (48.8%)

0.996

  1. ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, AT angiotensin, CCS Canadian Cardiovascular Society, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HR heart rate, ISRT individual shear rate therapy, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MAP mean arterial pressure, MI myocardial infarction, NYHA New York Heart Association, PAD peripheral artery disease, SBP systolic blood pressure
  2. aCurrent smokers
  3. bHypercholesterolemia was defined as previous diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia, intake of lipid-lowering medications, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels > 160 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 40 mg/dl, or cholesterol levels > 200 mg/dl
  4. cHypertension was defined as previous diagnosis of hypertension and intake of antihypertensive medications
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