Table 1 General characteristics of young adults stratified according to ethnicity
Black (n = 539) | White (n = 566) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 24.4 ± 3.14 | 24.6 ± 3.05 | 0.41 |
Sex men (n %) | 261 (48%) | 271 (47%) | 0.86 |
Body composition | |||
Waist circumference (cm) | 77.6 ± 11.1 | 82.7 ± 13.7 | <0.001 |
Body height (cm) | 164.45 ± 8.48 | 172.49 ± 8.73 | <0.001 |
Body weight (kg) | 71.24 ± 17.97 | 72.20 ± 17.06 | 0.36 |
Body mass index (kg/m²) | 24.6 ± 5.77 | 25.6 ± 5.42 | 0.002 |
Cardiovascular measures | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118 ± 12 | 117 ± 12 | 0.052 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 ± 9 | 78 ± 8 | <0.001 |
Central systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 110 ± 9 | 106 ± 9 | <0.001 |
Biochemical measures | |||
Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio | 0.48 (0.15–2.00) | 0.47 (0.17–2.01) | 0.34 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.73 (2.68–5.40) | 4.61 (3.19–6.50) | <0.001 |
High-density lipoproteins (mmol/L) | 1.26 ± 0.336 | 1.36 ± 0.416 | <0.001 |
Low-density lipoproteins (mmol/L) | 2.33 (1.30–3.98) | 2.98 (1.80–4.81) | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.72 (0.37–1.41) | 0.98 (0.44–2.36) | <0.001 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 1.27 (0.13–12.9) | 0.99 (0.10–10.3) | 0.014 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²) | 118 ± 14.9 | 106 ± 16.0 | <0.001 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.35 (2.95–5.56) | 4.70 (3.71–5.64) | 0.001 |
Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 5.44 ± 0.30 | 5.20 ± 0.28 | <0.001 |
Malondialdehyde (µM/mM creatinine) | 0.16 (0.07–0.51) | 0.13 (0.06–0.32) | <0.001 |
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L) | 24.9 (10.4–75.9) | 18.7 (7.84–51.0) | <0.001 |
Cotinine (ng/mL) | 3.77 (1.00–343) | 3.25 (1.00–313) | 0.31 |
Creatine kinase (ng/mL)a | 1.59 (0.64–4.58) | 1.35 (0.57–3.80) | <0.001 |
Lifestyle risk factors | |||
Smoke (n %) | 154 (29%) | 131 (23%) | 0.040 |
Alcohol (n %) | 146 (27%) | 160 (28%) | 0.35 |
