Table 3 HR of incident hypertension according to CACs category

From: Prediction of incident hypertension with the coronary artery calcium score based on the 2017 ACC/AHA high blood pressure guidelines

CACs category

Frequency

Age adjusted HR

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

TOTAL

  0

12,258 (85.51)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

  1–10

884 (6.17)

1.43 (1.25–1.64)

1.29 (1.13–1.48)

1.2 (1.04–1.37)

1.13 (0.99–1.30)

  11–100

968 (6.75)

1.54 (1.36–1.74)

1.3 (1.15–1.47)

1.13 (0.996–1.28)

1.10 (0.97–1.24)

  >100

225 (1.57)

2.06 (1.64–2.58)

1.58 (1.26–1.99)

1.28 (1.02–1.6)

1.27 (1.01–1.60)

  P for trend

 

<0.001

<0.001

0.003

0.011

HEPA

  0

1406 (82.95)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

  1–10

106 (6.25)

1.59 (1.09–2.30)

1.53 (1.04–2.23)

1.20 (0.82–1.77)

1.09 (0.74–1.60)

  11–100

141 (8.32)

1.76 (1.29–2.42)

1.48 (1.08–2.03)

1.18 (0.85–1.64)

1.16 (0.84–1.60)

  >100

42 (2.48)

2.14 (1.29–3.55)

1.79 (1.08–2.99)

1.27 (0.76–2.15)

1.38 (0.82–2.32)

  P for trend

 

<0.001

0.001

0.197

0.174

Non HEPA

  0

8514 (85.35)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

  1–10

640 (6.42)

1.48 (1.25–1.75)

1.28 (1.08–1.52)

1.18 (0.998–1.4)

1.13 (0.95–1.34)

  11–100

670 (6.72)

1.52 (1.30–1.78)

1.27 (1.09–1.49)

1.07 (0.92–1.26)

1.03 (0.88–1.21)

  >100

151 (1.51)

2.17 (1.63–2.89)

1.55 (1.16–2.08)

1.22 (0.91–1.63)

1.19 (0.89–1.59)

  P for trend

 

<0.001

<0.001

0.077

0.228

P for interaction

 

<0.001

0.003

0.413

0.552

  1. For stratified analysis for HEPA and Non HEPA, we excluded UNKNOWN
  2. BMI body mass index, CAC coronary artery calcification, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HEPA health-enhancing physical activity, HR hazard ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure
  3. Model 1: Age, education (college graduate), physical activity (HEPA) for total, current smoker, alcohol consumption (g/day), center, year
  4. Model 2: Model 1 + BMI and SBP
  5. Model 3: Model 2 + DBP