Table 4 HR of incident hypertension according to absence or presence of CAC

From: Prediction of incident hypertension with the coronary artery calcium score based on the 2017 ACC/AHA high blood pressure guidelines

CACs category

Frequency

Age adjusted HR

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

TOTAL

  0

12,258 (85.51)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

  CAC > 0

2077 (14.49)

1.54 (1.4–1.69)

1.33 (1.21–1.46)

1.17 (1.07–1.29)

1.13 (1.03–1.24)

HEPA

  0

1406 (82.95)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

  CAC > 0

289 (17.05)

1.75 (1.36–2.24)

1.54 (1.2–1.98)

1.2 (0.92–1.56)

1.16 (0.9–1.51)

Non HEPA

  0

8514 (85.35)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

  CAC > 0

1461 (14.65)

1.56 (1.39–1.75)

1.30 (1.16–1.46)

1.13 (1.01–1.27)

1.09 (0.96–1.22)

P for interaction

 

<0.001

<0.001

0.116

0.254

  1. For stratified analysis for HEPA and Non HEPA, we excluded UNKNOWN
  2. BMI body mass index, CAC coronary artery calcification, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HEPA health-enhancing physical activity, HR hazard ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure
  3. Model 1: Age, education (college graduate), physical activity (HEPA), current smoker, alcohol consumption (g/day), Center, year
  4. Model 2: Model 1 + BMI and SBP
  5. Model 3: Model 2 + DBP