Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics in study subjects (n = 6,779)

From: U-shaped relationship between serum uric acid level and decline in renal function during a 10-year period in female subjects: BOREAS-CKD2

 

All

Male

Female

P

N

6,779

4,454

2,325

 

Age (years)

45 ± 9

45 ± 9

44 ± 8

<0.001

Body mass index

23.1 ± 3.5

23.9 ± 3.3

21.4 ± 3.3

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

115 ± 16

118 ± 15

109 ± 16

<0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

74 ± 11

76 ± 11

69 ± 10

<0.001

Brinkman index

0 (0–7920)

100 (0–7920)

0 (0–1400)

<0.001

Drinking habit

1920 (28.3)

1606 (36.1)

314 (13.5)

<0.001

Medications

  Anti-hypertensive drugs

459 (6.8)

356 (8.0)

103 (4.4)

<0.001

  Anti-diabetic drugs

167 (2.5)

144 (3.3)

23 (1.0)

<0.001

  Anti-dyslipidemic drugs

187 (2.8)

130 (2.9)

57 (2.5)

0.347

Regular exercise

   

<0.001

  Mild

4230 (66.2)

3094 (73.4)

1136 (52.1)

 

  Moderate

1798 (28.1)

844 (20.0)

954 (43.8)

 

  Severe

365 (5.7)

275 (6.5)

90 (4.1)

 

Biochemistry

  AST (IU/L)

21 (10–221)

22 (10–142)

18 (10–221)

<0.001

  ALT (IU/L)

21 (3–379)

25 (3–274)

15 (4–379)

<0.001

  γ-GTP (IU/L)

30 (6–1328)

41 (9–1328)

17 (6–572)

<0.001

  Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

14 ± 3

14 ± 3

13 ± 3

<0.001

  Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.72 ± 0.14

0.79 ± 0.10

0.59 ± 0.08

<0.001

  eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

87.1 ± 13.8

86.0 ± 13.1

89.0 ± 14.8

<0.001

  Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.5 ± 1.4

6.1 ± 1.2

4.3 ± 0.9

<0.001

  Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

203 ± 33

204 ± 33

200 ± 33

<0.001

  LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

120 ± 31

122 ± 31

115 ± 31

<0.001

  HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

61 ± 16

56 ± 14

70 ± 15

<0.001

  Triglycerides (mg/dL)

90 (19–1931)

108 (19–1931)

62 (19–671)

<0.001

  Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

92 ± 17

94 ± 18

87 ± 13

<0.001

  Hemoglobin A1c (%)

5.0 ± 0.6

5.0 ± 0.7

4.9 ± 0.5

<0.001

  Hemoglobin (g/dL)

14.4 ± 1.6

15.2 ± 1.1

12.9 ± 1.2

<0.001

  Albumin (g/dL)

4.4 ± 0.2

4.4 ± 0.2

4.3 ± 0.2

<0.001

  Proteinuria (Qualitative)

253 (3.7)

163 (3.7)

90 (3.9)

0.686

  1. Variables are expressed as number (%), means ± SD or medians (interquartile ranges)
  2. Brinkman index was obtained by multiplication of the average number of cigarettes smoked a day and smoking years
  3. AST aspartate transaminase, ALT alanine transaminase, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, γGTP γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
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