Table 2 Baseline characteristics of male subjects with quintiles of basal uric acid levels (n = 4,454)
Quintiles of uric acid levels | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Range of uric acid, mg/dL) | (0.6–5.1) | (5.2–5.7) | (5.8–6.3) | (6.4–6.9) | (7.0–10.4) | |
n | 884 | 807 | 943 | 819 | 1,001 | |
Age (years) | 46 ± 9 | 46 ± 9 | 45 ± 9 | 45 ± 9 | 45 ± 8 | 0.002 |
Body mass index | 23.1 ± 3.1 | 23.3 ± 2.9 | 23.7 ± 3.1 | 24.2 ± 3.3 | 25.2 ± 3.5 | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116 ± 15 | 118 ± 16 | 117 ± 15 | 119 ± 15 | 120 ± 15 | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74 ± 11 | 76 ± 11 | 76 ± 11 | 77 ± 11 | 79 ± 11 | <0.001 |
Brinkman index | 100 (0–7920) | 105 (0–3200) | 80 (0–3200) | 70 (0–2520) | 160 (0–5100) | 0.443 |
Alcohol drinking habit | 273 (30.9) | 275 (34.1) | 345 (36.6) | 309 (37.7) | 404 (40.4) | <0.001 |
Medications | ||||||
Anti-hypertensive drugs | 61 (6.9) | 64 (7.9) | 71 (7.5) | 66 (8.1) | 94 (9.4) | 0.357 |
Anti-diabetic drugs | 53 (6.0) | 25 (3.1) | 26 (2.8) | 16 (2.0) | 24 (2.4) | <0.001 |
Anti-dyslipidemic drugs | 27 (3.1) | 20 (2.5) | 28 (3.0) | 27 (3.3) | 28 (2.8) | 0.892 |
Regular exercise | <0.001 | |||||
Mild | 594 (71.3) | 510 (67.2) | 673 (74.9) | 580 (74.6) | 737 (78.0) | |
Moderate | 171 (20.5) | 175 (23.1) | 171 (19.0) | 157 (20.2) | 170 (18.0) | |
Severe | 68 (8.2) | 74 (9.7) | 54 (6.0) | 41 (5.3) | 38 (4.0) | |
Biochemistry | ||||||
AST (IU/L) | 21 (10–76) | 21 (10–108) | 22 (11–142) | 23 (11–126) | 25 (13–136) | <0.001 |
ALT (IU/L) | 22 (7–268) | 23 (8–188) | 25 (3–176) | 27 (7–274) | 31 (6–260) | <0.001 |
γGTP (IU/L) | 32 (11–626) | 35 (9–726) | 39 (11–1328) | 44 (13–522) | 55 (14–1111) | <0.001 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 14 ± 3 | 14 ± 3 | 14 ± 3 | 15 ± 3 | 15 ± 3 | 0.021 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.76 ± 0.10 | 0.77 ± 0.10 | 0.79 ± 0.10 | 0.80 ± 0.10 | 0.83 ± 0.10 | <0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 89.3 ± 13.1 | 87.8 ± 12.8 | 86.0 ± 13.1 | 85.0 ± 12.7 | 82.5 ± 12.6 | <0.001 |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 6.1 ± 0.2 | 6.6 ± 0.2 | 7.7 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 198 ± 32 | 201 ± 32 | 203 ± 31 | 205 ± 33 | 212 ± 34 | <0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 119 ± 30 | 121 ± 30 | 123 ± 30 | 122 ± 32 | 126 ± 33 | <0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 58 ± 15 | 56 ± 13 | 56 ± 14 | 56 ± 14 | 53 ± 14 | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 91 (19–687) | 99 (26–771) | 105 (24–862) | 111 (27–679) | 135 (35–1931) | <0.001 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 96 ± 24 | 94 ± 20 | 93 ± 15 | 93 ± 15 | 94 ± 15 | 0.002 |
Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 0.003 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 15.0 ± 1.0 | 15.2 ± 1.0 | 15.2 ± 1.0 | 15.2 ± 1.1 | 15.4 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
Proteinuria (Qualitative) | 32 (3.6) | 28 (3.5) | 31 (3.3) | 23 (2.8) | 49 (4.9) | 0.166 |
