Table 3 Baseline characteristics of female subjects with quintiles of baseline uric acid levels (n = 2,325)
Quintiles of uric acid levels | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Range of uric acid, mg/dL) | (0.6–3.5) | (3.6–4.0) | (4.1–4.4) | (4.5–4.9) | (5.0–8.9) | |
n | 437 | 476 | 441 | 469 | 502 | |
Age (years) | 43 ± 7 | 44 ± 8 | 44 ± 9 | 45 ± 9 | 46 ± 8 | <0.001 |
Body mass index | 20.3 ± 2.5 | 20.7 ± 2.8 | 21.3 ± 3.1 | 21.8 ± 3.4 | 23.0 ± 4.0 | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 105 ± 15 | 107 ± 14 | 108 ± 15 | 110 ± 16 | 113 ± 16 | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 66 ± 9 | 68 ± 10 | 68 ± 10 | 70 ± 10 | 71 ± 11 | <0.001 |
Brinkman index | 0 (0–1280) | 0 (0–1400) | 0 (0–1050) | 0 (0–840) | 0 (0–1400) | 0.048 |
Alcohol drinking habit | 41 (9.4) | 59 (12.4) | 55 (12.5) | 65 (13.9) | 94 (18.7) | 0.001 |
Medications | ||||||
Anti-hypertensive drugs | 3 (0.7) | 22 (4.6) | 21 (4.8) | 23 (4.9) | 34 (6.8) | <0.001 |
Anti-diabetic drugs | 5 (1.2) | 3 (0.6) | 5 (1.2) | 4 (0.9) | 6 (1.2) | 0.886 |
Anti-dyslipidemic drugs | 8 (1.8) | 6 (1.3) | 10 (2.4) | 15 (3.2) | 18 (3.7) | 0.115 |
Regular exercise | 0.037 | |||||
Mild | 210 (50.0) | 209 (46.5) | 224 (55.9) | 232 (52.4) | 261 (55.9) | |
Moderate | 191 (45.5) | 221 (49.2) | 167 (41.6) | 194 (43.8) | 181 (38.8) | |
Severe | 19 (4.5) | 19 (4.2) | 10 (2.5) | 17 (3.8) | 25 (5.4) | |
Biochemistry | ||||||
AST (IU/L) | 17 (11–57) | 18 (10–221) | 18 (10–206) | 19 (11–64) | 20 (11–87) | <0.001 |
ALT (IU/L) | 13 (6–68) | 14 (5–191) | 14 (5–379) | 15 (6–141) | 17 (4–117) | <0.001 |
γGTP (IU/L) | 15 (7–98) | 16 (6–299) | 17 (7–154) | 18 (9–200) | 22 (8–572) | <0.001 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 13 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 | 0.02 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.56 ± 0.08 | 0.58 ± 0.08 | 0.58 ± 0.07 | 0.60 ± 0.08 | 0.61 ± 0.08 | <0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 94.0 ± 15.7 | 91.0 ± 14.6 | 89.4 ± 13.4 | 87.0 ± 14.7 | 84.5 ± 13.8 | <0.001 |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 5.6 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 193 ± 30 | 194 ± 32 | 200 ± 36 | 204 ± 33 | 208 ± 34 | <0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 110 ± 27 | 111 ± 27 | 115 ± 32 | 118 ± 31 | 121 ± 34 | <0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 71 ± 14 | 71 ± 14 | 71 ± 15 | 70 ± 15 | 68 ± 18 | 0.017 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 57 (23–175) | 57 (19–374) | 61 (21–671) | 65 (20–522) | 78 (22–360) | <0.001 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 86 ± 13 | 86 ± 10 | 87 ± 15 | 87 ± 14 | 89 ± 14 | 0.002 |
Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 0.024 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.3 ± 1.4 | 12.7 ± 1.2 | 12.9 ± 1.1 | 13.1 ± 1.1 | 13.2 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
Proteinuria (Qualitative) | 12 (2.7) | 20 (4.2) | 14 (3.2) | 14 (3.0) | 30 (6.0) | 0.057 |
