Fig. 5

Data from in vivo imaging by multiphoton microscopy. a The glomeruli were visualized with a multiphoton microscope by perfusing 500-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran. Representative image of the afferent (A) and efferent (E) arterioles. b The arteriole diameter was defined as the average value of the diameter from the glomerulus entrance to the distal 30 μm. c Circadian fluctuation in the diameter ratio of afferent to efferent arterioles (A/E ratio). The active phase was defined as the period between zeitgeber time (ZT) 12 and ZT 24; the rest phase was defined as the period between ZT 0 and ZT 12. The dark-colored dots on the left show ZT 18, and the light-colored dots on the right show ZT 6. d Representative image of the glomeruli and Bowman’s capsule space visualized with a multiphoton microscope by perfusing Alexa Fluor 488 maleimide-labeled human angiotensinogen (hAGT). e Circadian fluctuation in the glomerular sieving coefficient (GSC) for Alexa Fluor 488 maleimide-labeled hAGT in group A. The dark-colored dots on the left show ZT 18; the light-colored dots on the right show ZT 6. Data represent the mean ± SD. #P < 0.05 vs. group C. †P < 0.05, group A vs. group AO. *P < 0.05, ZT 18 vs. ZT 6. C control, A adriamycin, AO adriamycin + olmesartan, AH adriamycin + hydralazine, Bow Bowman’s capsule space, Cap glomerular capillaries