Table 2 Relationship between sleeping hours/nighttime blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular events

From: Sleep and cardiovascular outcomes in relation to nocturnal hypertension: the J-HOP Nocturnal Blood Pressure Study

Sleeping hours

Nighttime SBP

ASCVD events (n = 133)

Stroke events (n = 52)

CAD events (n = 81)

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

<6 h/night

<120 mmHg

3.46 (1.52, 7.92)

0.003

4.65 (0.98, 21.98)

0.052

3.24 (1.21, 8.69)

0.019

≥120 mmHg

1.85 (0.85, 4.05)

0.122

4.80 (1.57, 14.65)

0.006

0.96 (0.29, 3.26)

0.954

≥6 and <9 h/night

<120 mmHg

1.00 (Reference)

–

1.00 (Reference)

–

1.00 (Reference)

–

≥120 mmHg

1.51 (0.99, 2.31)

0.058

2.76 (1.26, 6.04)

0.011

1.12 (0.66, 1.91)

0.663

≥9 h/night

<120 mmHg

1.20 (0.47, 3.10)

0.700

2.55 (0.67, 9.71)

0.169

0.73 (0.17, 3.11)

0.672

≥120 mmHg

1.61 (0.80, 3.23)

0.179

3.01 (0.98, 9.30)

0.055

1.17 (0.47, 2.92)

0.739

  1. Data were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, current smoking, a history of diabetes, statin use, aspirin use, antihypertensive medication use, history of cardiovascular disease, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and office systolic blood pressure
  2. ASCVD atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (stroke and coronary artery disease), CAD coronary artery disease, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure
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