Table 2 Baseline characteristics and mean values of LDL-C and BP during the study period of patients in the BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg and BP < 130/80 mmHg subgroups, stratified by lipid-lowering therapies

From: Efficacy of intensive lipid-lowering therapy with statins stratified by blood pressure levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and retinopathy: Insight from the EMPATHY study

 

Baseline BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg

Baseline BP < 130/80 mmHg

 

Intensive n = 1638

Standard n = 1697

P value

Intensive n = 845

Standard n = 800

P value

Male, n (%)

785 (47.9)

806 (47.5)

0.80

397 (47.0)

385 (48.1)

0.64

Age, years

63.0 ± 10.7

63.1 ± 10.5

0.64

63.2 ± 10.8

63.2 ± 10.3

0.95

BMI, kg/m2

26.2 ± 4.4

26.0 ± 4.4

0.33

24.8 ± 3.9

24.8 ± 4.1

0.86

Smoking, n (%)a

304 (18.6)

318 (18.7)

0.89

152 (18.0)

160 (20.0)

0.30

Systolic BP, mmHg

142.0 ± 11.7

141.7 ± 11.3

0.56

120.0 ± 7.3

120.1 ± 7.8

0.66

Diastolic BP, mmHg

78.6 ± 9.9

78.4 ± 9.4

0.49

67.9 ± 6.8

68.0 ± 6.8

0.71

Heart rate, bpm

77.7 ± 10.8

77.6 ± 11.0

0.78

75.7 ± 10.3

75.7 ± 10.3

0.94

Hypertension, n (%)

1287 (78.6)

1366 (80.5)

0.17

466 (55.2)

415 (51.9)

0.18

Duration of diabetes, years

12.6 ± 8.4

13.0 ± 9.0

0.14

13.4 ± 8.8

13.2 ± 9.1

0.75

Diabetic neuropathy, n (%)

495 (30.2)

495 (29.2)

0.51

268 (31.7)

283 (35.4)

0.12

Diabetic nephropathy, n (%)

927 (56.6)

923 (54.4)

0.20

415 (49.1)

351 (43.9)

0.030

HbA1c, %

7.80 ± 1.27

7.84 ± 1.27

0.38

7.71 ± 1.26

7.63 ± 1.21

0.22

LDL-C, mg/dL

131.9 ± 25.2

130.7 ± 25.2

0.18

130.3 ± 23.9

128.8 ± 23.4

0.18

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

73.9 ± 20.6

74.4 ± 20.6

0.44

74.2 ± 20.4

75.1 ± 19.6

0.36

Antihypertensive drug

 ARB, n (%)

872 (53.2)

895 (52.7)

0.77

336 (39.8)

305 (38.1)

0.50

 ACEI, n (%)

77 (4.7)

101 (6.0)

0.11

33 (3.9)

40 (5.0)

0.28

 Diuretic, n (%)

198 (12.1)

244 (14.4)

0.051

88 (10.4)

55 (6.9)

0.011

 CCB, n (%)

682 (41.6)

686 (40.4)

0.48

255 (30.2)

202 (25.3)

0.026

 MRA, n (%)

17 (1.0)

23 (1.4)

0.40

10 (1.2)

9 (1.1)

0.91

 β-blocker, n (%)

89 (5.4)

84 (5.0)

0.53

31 (3.7)

36 (4.5)

0.39

 α-blocker, n (%)

46 (2.8)

57 (3.1)

0.84

13 (1.5)

20 (2.5)

0.16

Statins

 Strong statins, n (%)

742 (45.3)

889 (52.4)

<0.001

412 (48.8)

402 (50.3)

0.55

 Standard statins, n (%)

568 (34.7)

703 (41.4)

<0.001

279 (33.0)

357 (44.6)

<0.001

Antiplatelet drugs, n (%)

139 (8.5)

154 (9.1)

0.55

72 (8.5)

63 (7.9)

0.63

Mean LDL-C, mg/dLb

80.9 ± 20.6

105.3 ± 16.3

<0.001

81.4 ± 18.4

104.8 ± 15.3

<0.001

Mean systolic BP, mmHgc

139.2 ± 10.5

139.5 ± 9.9

0.44

123.8 ± 8.1

123.8 ± 8.2

0.90

Mean diastolic BP, mmHgc

76.6 ± 8.9

76.9 ± 8.5

0.32

69.0 ± 6.8

69.4 ± 6.6

0.23

  1. BP blood pressure, BMI body mass index, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, CCB calcium channel blocker, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
  2. aNot including past smokers
  3. bThe mean LDL cholesterol for each patient was defined as the mean value of measurements obtained at scheduled visits, starting 6 months after randomization and continuing to the final visit for those who developed no events or to the nearest day before onset for those who developed any events
  4. cThe mean systolic and diastolic BP for each patient was defined as the mean value of measurements obtained at scheduled visits, starting registration and continuing to the final visit for those who developed no events or to the nearest day before onset for those who developed any events
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