Table 2 Etiology of EDO.

From: Zinner syndrome and infertility─a literature review based on a clinical case

Congenital

Acquired

Congenital atresia/stenosis

Iatrogenic trauma (i.e., catheterization)

Utricular cysts

Pelvic or bladder surgery

Wolffian duct cysts

Pelvic trauma

Müllerian duct cysts

Genital/urinary tuberculosis