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The review of the long-term health risks associated with vasectomy

International Journal of Impotence Research (2025)Cite this article

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Abstract

Vasectomy, a permanent method of preventing the release of sperm, has been widely used as effective birth control, with millions of men undergoing the procedure worldwide each year. Although vasectomy is effective and relatively simple, it is still a subject that receives considerable scrutiny, especially regarding any health effects. Indeed, the relationship between vasectomy and health risks has been a controversial topic. This review includes the examination of the evidence linking vasectomy to oncologic sequelae (i.e. prostate and testicular cancer). In addition, a review of the literature linking vasectomy to sexual dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, primary progressive aphasia/frontotemporal dementia, anti-sperm antibodies, and reproductive hormone changes is also presented. Overall, vasectomy appears safe with no convincing evidence for long term health risks.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

    Yu-Sheng Cheng

  2. Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Yu-Sheng Cheng, Tommy Jiang, Ashkan Pourabhari Langroudi, Abby L. Chen, Satvir S. Basran & Michael L. Eisenberg

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Idea conception: YSC, ME. Literature searching and review: YSC, TJ, APL, AC, SB. Draft writing: YSC, TJ, APL, AC. Critical revision: YSC, TJ, APL, AC, SB, ME. Oversight/supervision: YSC, ME.

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Correspondence to Michael L. Eisenberg.

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MLE advises for Legacy, Doveras, Hannah, Next, illumicell, HisTurn. Other authors have nothing to disclose.

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Cheng, YS., Jiang, T., Pourabhari Langroudi, A. et al. The review of the long-term health risks associated with vasectomy. Int J Impot Res (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-025-01043-4

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