Fig. 8

AIM1 mislocalization and reduced expression is associated with clinicopathologic features of prostate cancer. a Immunohistochemical analysis of 81 normal, 87 primary tumors, and 52 lymph-node metastases stained with AIM1-specific antibodies. Staining intensities and distributions were scored separately for membranous and cytoplasmic staining patterns using the H-score system. Representative micrographs of AIM1 immunohistochemistry in normal prostate, primary prostate cancer, and prostate metastasis are shown. Note the predominant membranous staining pattern in the normal prostate epithelium in contrast to the diffuse cytoplasmic staining in primary tumor and metastatic lesions. The metastasis also showed overall reduced AIM1 expression compared to primary cancer. Scale bars indicate 100 μm. b Violin plots show H-score distribution for membranous and cytoplasmic immunostaining in normal prostatic epithelium, primary tumors, and metastases. c AIM1 mRNA expression analysis in two independent cohorts reveals profound AIM1 downregulation in distant prostate cancer metastases^{38, 39}. d Frequency of copy-number loss of the AIM1 gene locus from five independent data sets^{13, 40, 42,43,44}