Fig. 5

Ex situ TEM characterization of CVO-450 at the discharge and charge states. a–d TEM image, SAED patterns, and HRTEM image of CVO-450 at the sodiation state after 5 cycles at 1000 mA g⁻¹. The SAED patterns of b and c were collected from region 1 and region 2 in a, respectively. e–h TEM image, SAED patterns, and HRTEM image of CVO-450 at the sodiation state after 300 cycles at 1000 mA g⁻¹. The SAED patterns of f and g were collected from region 3 and region 4 in e, respectively. i–l TEM image, SAED patterns and HRTEM image of CVO-450 at the desodiation state after 300 cycles at 1000 mA g⁻¹. SAED patterns of j and k were collected from region 5 and region 6 in i, respectively. Scale bars: a 200 nm; e, i 500 nm; b, c, f, g, j, k 5 nm⁻¹; d, h, l 5 nm