Fig. 4
From: Seismological evidence for a localized mushy zone at the Earth’s inner core boundary

Seismic model and waveform modeling for the PKiKP data sampling the ICB region beneath southwest Okhotsk Sea. a Compressional velocity profile of the best-fitting double-layered model across the ICB (red line) represented by two parameters: d the thickness of the layer and δV P percentage compressional velocity jump of the top layer with respect to PREM velocity jump at ICB, along with PREM (black line). b Synthetic seismograms in a frequency range of 2–3 Hz for a series of double-layered ICB models (red traces, labeled accordingly with two model parameters: d and δV P) and for PREM (bottom black trace). c Comparisons of stacked observed PKiKP waveforms (blue traces) of event 11 in a frequency range of 2–3 Hz and synthetic seismograms (red traces) of the best-fitting models. The number of waveforms used in each stacking is labeled at the right of each trace, while the thickness d and percentage compressional velocity jump of the top layer δV P of the best-fitting models are labeled above the red traces. The sampled ICB region also corresponds to Boxes B and A4 in Fig. 2b