Fig. 1
From: Reinforcement determines the timing dependence of corticostriatal synaptic plasticity in vivo
Corticostriatal STDP in vivo preparation. a Stimulation and recording locations in rat brain. Cortical stimulation is contralateral to striatal recording. St striatum. b Current–voltage relationship illustrating characteristic SPN responses, including inward rectification and ramp potential. c Biocytin-filled recovered SPN in the dorsal striatum, with inset showing spines (enlarged 300%). Scale bar = 20 µm. d STDP timing arrangement for positive and negative pairings, delivered at 0.1 Hz in each of the experimental protocol phases depicted in e. PSP, postsynaptic potential. e Experimental protocol phases. f Percentage change in PSP slope measures induced by positive (green, n = 6) and negative (orange, n = 7) STDP pairings (Linear mixed-effects model [LME] for all points post pairing between protocols, see Methods section, estimated effect size = 8.8 ± 7.1%, F 1,10 = 1.54, P = 0.24). Baseline measures are plotted on the initial portion of the X axis, no measures are recorded during plasticity protocol, and the test PSP measures are plotted on the second portion of the X axis. Inset shows representative examples of one minute averaged PSPs from the end of the baseline (gray) and the end of the test period (color of experimental group). Data presented as mean ± s.e.m
