Fig. 3
From: Durable and self-hydrating tungsten carbide-based composite polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Fuel cells performance of recast Nafion and composite membranes. a Fuel cell performance at 1 A/cm2 condition under 5, 25, 50, and 100% relative humidity. b Proton conductivity of the fuel cell with recast Nafion membrane MEA and composite membranes MEAs measured by two-probe electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. c 100 h accelerated fuel cell durability tests. d Relative maximum power density (P c/P N × 100, where P c and P N are the maximum power densities of the composite membranes and pristine Nafion membrane, respectively) measured at different relative humidity. Closed squares represent the pristine Nafion membrane, open circles, stars, and triangles represent the composite membranes with 5wt. % commercial WC, nano-WC, and Pt, respectively
