Fig. 5

Electric control and Brownian motion of baby skyrmions. a, b Lateral separation between north-pole (blue arrows in Fig. 2d–f) and south-pole (red arrows) preimages characterized (a) using POM videos and (b) computer simulations. Insets show experimental and computer-simulated POM micrographs at voltages and for crossed polarizers (white double arrows) marked in a. The scale bar in the insets is 10 µm. f c = 1 kHz. c, d Histograms of displacement δ of the south-pole preimage characterizing Brownian motion of a baby skyrmions (c) along the x axis and (d) along the y axis at different U; the solid lines are Gaussian fits of the experimental data points (symbols)