Fig. 8
From: Tumor induces muscle wasting in mice through releasing extracellular Hsp70 and Hsp90
TLR4 mediates Hsp70/Hsp90-induced catabolic response in myotubes. a Hsp70 and Hsp90-induced catabolic response in myotubes is dependent on TLR4. C2C12 myoblasts were transfected with siRNA as indicated. After differentiation, myotubes were treated with rHsp70 and rHsp90 and analyzed for catabolic response as described above. b LLC-released EVs induce muscle catabolism in C2C12 myotubes through TLR4. C2C12 myotubes with either TLR2 or TLR4 knockdown were treated with EVs isolated from LCM (AchE 6 mU) and analyzed for catabolic response. c CD9-positive EVs activate TLR4 in reporter cells. EVs isolated from LCM were subjected to immunoprecipitation (IP) using an antibody against CD9 with pre-immune IgG as control. Resulting pellet and supernatant were used to treat TLR4 reporter cell line HEK-Blue hTLR4 for 24 h, and compared with original EVs. TLR4 activation was measured as SEAP activity. Data (n = 3) were analyzed by analysis of variance. * denotes a difference (P < 0.05)
