Fig. 3
From: Slow-wave sleep is controlled by a subset of nucleus accumbens core neurons in mice
Optogenetic stimulation of A2AR neurons in the NAc core, but not the shell, produced SWS. a, b Typical examples of EEG, EMG and hypnograms of two mice injected with AAV-EF1α-DIO-ChR2-mCherry in the NAc core a or shell b. Photostimulation of the NAc core, but not the shell, induced SWS (bottom panels), as compared to baseline sleep of the two mice without photostimulation (top panels). c Typical sections from mice with AAV injections in the core (left panel) or shell (right panel) were stained for mCherry and Nissl. Scale bars: 500 μm. Drawings of superimposed AAV injection sites in the core (in red, n = 6) and shell (in green, n = 6) are shown below the photomicrographs. d–f Hourly amount of SWS during optogenetic stimulation. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Each pair of grey dots indicates data from one mouse. **P < 0.01 compared to baseline sleep without photostimulation, assessed by paired two-tailed Student’s t-test. g–j Brain sections of a mouse expressing ChR2 in the NAc core cell bodies stained with an antibody against mCherry show ChR2-mCherry positive nerve terminals in the VP g, LH h, TMN i, and VTA j. High-magnification photomicrographs of the black rectangular area are shown as insets in h–j. Scale bars: g–j, 200 μm; insets in h–j, 10 μm. Other abbreviations: ac, anterior commissure; IC, islands of Calleja; 3 V, third ventricle; IP, interpeduncular nucleus. N.S., not significant
