Fig. 10

Direct stimulation of vagus nerve protects heart from IR injury. a Schematic of experimental design showing the timeline for vagus nerve stimulation (5 min) and IR injury (immediately after vagus nerve stimulation). b Representative images of TTC staining in heart cross-sections. Quantification results of infarct size and AAR in cardiac sections from vagus stimulation and control groups. Activation of vagus nerve provides cardioprotection. *p < 0.05 vs. control group. Error bars indicate SEM. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t-test (b)