Fig. 4
Group comparisons of annual change in brain volume and glucose metabolism in ADNI. a Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) comparison of annual MRI change over 2 years in early Aβ accumulators (CSF+/PET−, n = 59) compared with non-accumulators (CSF−/PET−, n = 218). The results are adjusted for age, gender, and intracranial volume. The contrast is reduction in cortical thickness in early compared with non-accumulators and shows no clear pattern of longitudinal atrophy in the early Aβ accumulators (CSF+/PET−). b The same VBM analysis as in a, but with a comparison between non-accumulators and late Aβ accumulators (CSF+/PET+, n = 191). The contrast is reduction in late compared with non-accumulators and shows a typical AD atrophy pattern in the non-demented late Aβ accumulators (CSF+/PET+). c Voxelwise analysis of annual FDG PET change over 2 years in non-accumulators (n = 153) compared with early Aβ accumulators (n = 41). No significant difference is seen. d The same FDG PET analysis as above, but with a comparison between non-accumulators and late Aβ accumulators (n = 124). The contrast is reduction in glucose metabolism in late compared with early Aβ accumulators and shows a temporal and to a lesser extent parietal reduction in metabolism in the non-demented late Aβ accumulators. Voxelwise two-sample t-tests were used and all results in a–d were adjusted for age and gender. The VBM analysis was also adjusted for total intracranial volume. Only voxels with a p < 0.001 are shown. The colors illustrate significant t values according to the scales
