Fig. 1
From: Evolutionary genetics of immunological supertypes reveals two faces of the Red Queen
Allele frequency changes driven by Red Queen co-evolution. a Red Queen dynamics: a dynamic equilibrium of co-evolution acting on host immune alleles (blue) and pathogen virulence alleles (red). This is maintained by balancing selection acting on existing polymorphism over relatively short evolutionary time scales. b Red Queen arms race: recurrent bouts of positive selection in host and pathogen operating on new polymorphisms arising though mutation (adapted from ref. 1)
